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Integrated Rural Management through holistic approach is a national commitment.The goal is to enrich the quality of life of the poor by meeting the basic need and generating employment opportunities on a wider scale through decentralized planning.The missio n of the State Institute of Rural Development is to facilitate rural development  vigorou sly through governmental and non-governmental intiatatives.
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 South Sikkim

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Departments of Sikkim

Mr.P.Bhutia                     7th July 1991 to 30th September 1994 Mr.P.Upadhyay               1st October 1994 to 2nd June 1996  Mr.H.P.Chettri                      3rd June 1996 to 31st August 2001 Mr.M.K. Rai                     1st September 2001 to 29thJuly 2004 Mr. S.Pradhan                   30th July 2004 to 3rd July 2008 Mr. Dinesh Tshering Bhutia              3rd July 2008

Abstract

Humans do not live in isolation. Observed microeconomic behavior depends on people’s identities and on the formal and informal social relations that shape their world. These behaviors subsequently affect individual and group identity and relationships, and thereby consumption, production and exchange behaviors, creating a system with dynamic feedback. Such systems commonly lead to low-level, stable states characteristic of poverty traps. Economists are just beginning to explore the consequences of such phenomena, asking critical questions such as why does poverty persist in a world of abundant resources? Why are some people excluded from growth processes while others are not? Why do some people enjoy access to scarce resources or the efficiency enhancements associated with cooperation while others do not?

"Good governance" has taken center stage in the international development arena. Developing countries have placed good governance prominently on their development agenda, and donors make their funding increasingly dependent on indicators of governance performance. However, most of the widely used governance indicators are based on surveys among business enterprises in the formal sector. Hence, little is known about governance that matters for the rural poor. How effective a government is in creating a conducive business environment for a foreign investor is not necessarily related to its effectiveness in addressing the needs of poor farmers. Since the majority of the world's poor live in rural areas and depend on agriculture for their livelihoods, there is a need to better understand which dimensions of governance matter for smallholder agriculture, and how governance can be improved in this respect. Against this background, the presentation will

1. Identify areas of governance that are of particular importance for the rural poor, such as government effectiveness in providing rural services and infra-structure; control of corruption in the local administration; gender-sensitive property regimes that secure small-holders' access to land; and environmental and food safety regulations that do not exclude smallholders from new markets and technologies.

2. Present strategies to improve governance in these areas, such as political decentralization and public sector management reforms. Examples from India and Uganda will be used to illustrate these strategies;

3. Discuss the political challenges inherent in such governance reforms. Special attention will be paid to the challenge to give the rural poor voice in political decision-making processes, and to make state institutions as well as NGOs accountable to them.

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